Tehran (Persian Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is widely spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Bahrain and has official-language status in the first three countries under different names. Persian is a pluricentric language. The Persian language has been a medium for literary and: تهران Tehrān, pronounced [tʰehˈɾɒn][3]) is the capital and largest city A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement, particularly a large urban settlement. Although there are no agreed on technical definitions distinguishing a city from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law — for example an article of of Iran Iran (Persian: ايران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persia until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf, northwestern shore of the Gulf of Oman, and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Both "Persia" and "Iran&, and the administrative center of Tehran Province Tehran Province is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It covers on area of 18,909 square kilometers and is located to the north of the central plateau of Iran. Tehran is a sprawling city at the foot of the Alborz Alborz ( listen Persian: البرز), also written as Alburz or Elburz, is a mountain range in northern Iran stretching from the borders of Armenia in the northwest to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, and ending in the east at the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. The tallest mountain in the Middle East, Mount Damavand, is located in mountain range with an immense network of highways unparalleled in Western Asia Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia is the southwestern portion of Asia. West Asia or Western Asia are roughly analogous terms that are used, for example, in the United Nations subregion geoscheme and in writings about the archeology and the late prehistory of the region. Unlike the Middle East, which is broadly defined to include several North. The city is famous for its numerous ski resorts on the Alborz slopes, large museums, art centers, and palace complexes.

Tehran is the largest city in the Middle East The Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, southeastern Europe and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The term "Middle East" was popularized around 1900 in the United Kingdom. The corresponding adjective to Middle East is Middle-Eastern and the and is the 28th most populated city in the world with a population of 7,873,000 people. Most Iranian industries are headquartered in Tehran, including the manufacturing of automobiles, electrical equipment, military weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemical products. Tehran is also a leading center for the sale of carpets and furniture. There is an oil refinery located south of the city.[4]

In the 20th century, Tehran faced a large migration of people from all around Iran. Today, the city contains various religious minorities, and has many historic mosques A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. Muslims often refer to the mosque by its Arabic name, masjid, Arabic: مسجد‎ — Arabic pronunciation: [ˈmæsdʒɪd] . The word "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship, although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller,, churches A church building is a building or structure whose primary purpose is to facilitate the meeting of a church. Originally, Christians met in synagogues and in one another's homes. As Christianity grew and became more accepted by governments, rooms, and eventually entire buildings, were set aside for the explicit purpose of Christian worship, synagogues A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer and Zoroastrian Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster, after whom the religion is named. The term Zoroastrianism is, in general usage, essentially synonymous with Mazdaism, i.e. the worship of Ahura Mazda, exalted by Zoroaster as the supreme divine authority fire temples Although Zoroastrians revere fire in any form, the temple fire is not literally for the reverence of fire: In the Zoroastrian religion, fire , together with clean water (see Aban), is an agent of ritual purity. Clean, white "ash for the purification ceremonies [is] regarded as the basis of ritual life," which, "are essentially the. Contemporary Tehran is a modern and expensive city featuring many skyscrapers, of which the Azadi Tower The Azadi Tower (previously known as the Shahyād Āryāmehr Persian: شهیاد آریامهر, English: King Memorial Tower) is the symbol of Tehran, the capital of Iran, and marks the entrance to the city and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself.

Contents

History

Toopkhaneh Square, Tehran, in the early to mid-20th century. Tehran Conference The Tehran Conference was the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943, most of which were held at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran. It was the first World War II conference among the Big Three (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) in which Stalin was in 1943. Iranian Foreign Ministry Green Palace at the Sadabad Palace complex.

The origin of the name Tehran is unknown. Excavations Within the practice of excavation, numerous specialised techniques are available for use, and each dig will have its particular features which will determine the archaeologists' approach. Resources and other practical issues do not allow archaeologists to carry out excavations whenever and wherever they choose. These constraints mean many known place the existence of settlements in Tehran as far back as 6000 BC.[5] Tehran was well known as a village in the 9th century, but was less well-known than the city of Rhages Shahr-e-Rey, also spelled Rey, Rayy, Rhages or Rages is the oldest existing city in the province of Tehran, Iran (Ray) which was flourishing nearby in the early era. In the 13th century, following the destruction of Ray by Mongols Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism, many of its inhabitants escaped to Tehran. In some sources of the early era, the city is mentioned as "Rhages's Tehran" . The city is later mentioned in Hamdollah Mostowfi Hamdollah Mostowfi , was an Iranian historian, geographer and epic poet's Nuz'hat al-Qulub (written in 1340) as a famous village.

Don Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo Ruy González de Clavijo , Castilian traveler and writer, a Castilian The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity, is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of León and Castile, or more concretely, with the union of their parliaments a few decades later. In 1230 Saint Ferdinand III was crowned King of Castile and Leon (which included the Kingdom of Galicia) ambassador, was probably the first European to visit Tehran, stopping in July 1404, while on a journey to Samarkand Samarkand is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most famous landmarks. The Registan was the ancient centre of the (now in Uzbekistan Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south. Once part of the Persian Samanid and later Timurid empires, the) and the Mongol Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism capital at the time. At this time, the city of Tehran was unwalled.

Tehran became a residence of the Safavid The Safavids were one of the ruling dynasties of Persia. The Safavid Iran became one of the greatest Iranian empires since the Islamic conquest of Persia and established the Ithnāˤashari school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. This Shia dynasty was rulers in the 17th century. Tahmasp I Tahmasp I was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty. He was the son of Ismail I and Shah-Begi Khanum (known under the title Tajlu Khanum) of the Turcoman Mawsillu tribe built a bazaar A bazaar is a permanent merchandising area, marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold. The word derives from the Persian word bāzār, the etymology of which goes back to the Middle Persian word baha-char (بهاچار), meaning "the place of prices". Although the current meaning of the word is and a wall around the city, but it somewhat fell out of favor after Abbas I Shāh ‘Abbās the Great or Shāh ‘Abbās I (born January 27, 1571; died January 19, 1629) was Shah (king) of Iran, and the greatest ruler of the Safavid dynasty. He was the third son of Shah Mohammad turned sick when he was passing the city to go to a war with the Uzbeks The Uzbeks are a Turkic-speaking people in Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Smaller diaspora populations of Uzbeks from Central Asia are also found in.

In the early of 18th century, Karim Khan Zand ordered a palace A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word itself is derived from the Latin name Palātium, for Palatine Hill, one of the seven hills in Rome. In many parts of Europe, the term is also applied to relatively large urban, a harem Harem refers to the sphere of women in a usually polygynous household and their quarters which is enclosed and forbidden to men. It originated in the Near East and came to the Western world via the Ottoman Empire. In more modern usage, it may also denote a number of female followers of a man[citation needed], and a government office to be built in Tehran, possibly to declare the city his capital, but later moved his government to Shiraz Shiraz ( listen Persian: شیراز [ʃiːˈrɔːz]) is the sixth most populous city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Rudkhaneye Khoshk seasonal river. Shiraz has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for more than a thousand years. Tehran finally became the capital of Iran The Persian Empire was a series of successive Iranian or Iraniate empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Western Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. The first Persian Empire formed under the Median Empire after defeating and ending the Assyrian Empire with the help of Babylonians in 1795, when the Qajar The Qajar dynasty ( Qajar (help·info)) (Persian: سلسله قاجاریه - or دودمان قاجار) is a common term to describe Iran (then known as Persia) under the ruling Qajar royal family that ruled Iran from 1794 to 1925. In 1794 the Qajar family took full control of Iran as they had eliminated all their rivals, including Lotf 'Ali king Agha Mohammad Khan Muḥammad Khān Qājār (Persian: محمد خان قاجار)‎‎ was the chief of the Turkmen Qajar tribe. He became the Emperor/Shah of Persia in 1794 and established the Qajar dynasty. He was succeeded by his nephew, Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar was crowned in the city. It remains the capital to this day.

During World War II World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. The war involved the mobilization of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history, British The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with and Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , occasionally called the United Soviet Socialist Republic, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик​ (help·info), tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh troops entered the city. Tehran was the site of the Tehran Conference The Tehran Conference was the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943, most of which were held at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran. It was the first World War II conference among the Big Three (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) in which Stalin was in 1943, attended by U.S. President The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition. The President leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally-elected federal officers Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms, British Prime Minister The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom and the Head of Her Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party, and ultimately to the electorate Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, historian, writer, and artist. He is the only British, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. In the years following Lenin's death in 1924, he rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union.

Following the war, the city's older landmarks suffered under the rule of Mohammad Reza Shah. The Shah believed that ancient buildings such as large parts of the Golestan Palace Golestān Palace is the former royal Qajar complex in Iran's capital city, Takieh-ye Dowlat, the Toopkhaneh Square Toopkhāneh is a major town square (Maidan-e Toopkhaneh) and a neighborhood in the south of the central district of the city of Tehran, Iran, the magnificent city fortifications and the old citadel among others should not be part of a modern city. They were systematically destroyed and modern 1950s and 1960s buildings were built in their place. Tehran bazar was divided in half and many historic buildings were destroyed in order to build wide straight avenues in the capital. Many excellent examples of Persian Gardens also became targets to new construction projects. The decision to carry these out is presently largely seen as a foolish mistake that hurt the visual fabric and the cultural identity of the city beyond repair. Apartment blocks were introduced in this period.

During the 1980–88 Iran–Iraq War, Tehran was the scene of repeated Scud Scud is a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War and exported widely to other countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name SS-1 Scud which was attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 , R-17 and R-300 Elbrus (later missile attacks and air strikes against random residential and industrial targets within the city, resulting in thousands of civilian casualties. Material damage was repaired soon after each strike. Tehran attracted war refugees by the millions.

After the war, cheap Soviet-style apartments multiplied throughout the city without any plan. At present, little is left of Tehran's old quarters. Instead, modern high-rise buildings dominate the city's skyline and new modern apartments have and are replacing the few remaining old houses at a rapid pace. Tehran-style home architecture Despite the occurrence of earthquakes during the Qajar period and before, some buildings still remain from Tehran's era of antiquity. However, most of Tehran's architecture has been obliterated by the wave of hasty modernization that swept through the capital over the last 40 to 50 years. Of the 8 city gates of old Tehran, none remain today has almost vanished completely. This is often referred to as "Tehran Identity Disaster".[citation needed]

Tehran is also home to many grand mansions in the north of the city North Tehran is a wealthy region in Tehran, Iran. North Tehran is known as an area of liberal Iranians who wear more moderate clothing and have more secular ideas.(Farmanieh, Zaferanieh, Niavaran, etc)

Climate

for Mehrabad, Tehran
J F M A M J J A S O N D
34 8 -1 32 10 1 40 15 5 31 22 11 15 28 16 3 34 21 2 37 24 2 36 23 1 32 19 11 24 13 26 16 7 34 10 2
average temperatures in °C precipitation totals in mm source: Iran Meteorological Organization
Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
1.3 46 31 1.3 51 34 1.6 60 41 1.2 72 52 0.6 82 61 0.1 93 69 0.1 98 75 0.1 96 74 0 89 67 0.4 76 56 1 61 44 1.3 50 35
average temperatures in °F precipitation totals in inches
View of Mount Damavand Mount Damāvand also known as Donbavand, is a dormant volcano and the highest peak in Iran with a special place in Persian mythology and folklore. Located in the middle Alborz Range, adjacent to Varārū, Sesang, Gol-e Zard and Mīānrūd, it is the highest point in the Middle East and the highest volcano in all of Asia. Though not volcanically as seen from the Dizin ski resort.

Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains Alborz ( listen Persian: البرز), also written as Alburz or Elburz, is a mountain range in northern Iran stretching from the borders of Armenia in the northwest to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, and ending in the east at the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. The tallest mountain in the Middle East, Mount Damavand, is located in to its North and the central desert to the South. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with a significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 23°C, mean maximum temperature 36°C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1°C, mean maximum temperature 8°C)[6] Although compared with other parts of the country Tehran enjoys a moderate climate, weather conditions can sometimes be unpredictably harsh. The record high temperature is 48°C and the record low is -20°C. On January 5 & 6, 2008, after years of relatively little snow, a wave of heavy snow and low temperatures shocked the city covering it in a thick layer of snow and ice, forcing the Council of Ministers to officially declare an state of emergency and calling the following two days (January 6 and 7) off for the capital.[7]

Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For 3 Districts of Tehran
District Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
Mehrabad (Southwest) -0.4 7.9 1.2 10.4 5.4 15.4 11.2 22.1 16.1 27.9 20.9 33.9 23.9 36.6 23.3 35.6 19.3 31.6 13.3 24.4 6.7 16.2 1.7 10 11.9 22.7
Gisha (Center) 0.8 6.9 2.1 9.2 5.7 13.4 11.6 20.3 15.9 15.9 21.8 21.8 25.0 34.5 24.6 34.1 20.5 29.8 14.4 22.9 7.5 14.6 2.9 8.9 12.7 21
Tajrish (North) -1.5 6.1 -0.2 8.1 4.0 12.9 9.8 19.8 14.0 25.0 19.6 31.2 22.6 33.9 21.9 33.5 17.5 29.3 11.6 22.4 5.4 14.3 1.0 8.6 10.5 20.4
Temperatures listed using the Celsius scale
Source: Iran Meteoroligical Organization Website, [1] [2] [3]

Demographics

Population of Tehran

The city of Tehran had a population of approximately 8 million in 2006 [8].

With its cosmopolitan air, Tehran houses diverse ethnic and linguistics groups from all over the country and represents the ethnic/linguistic composition of Iran (though with a different percentage). More than 60 percent of Tehranis were born outside the city.

Today the majority of Tehran residents are known as Persians who speak various dialects of Persian corresponding to their places of origin, including Esfahani, Shirazi, Yazdi, Khuzestani, Dari, Judeo-Persian, etc. However, the main dialect of Iranians is pure Persian. The second largest linguistic group is that of the Azeri-speakers.[9]

Other minority groups include Kurds, Baluch, Qashqa'i, Turkmen, Armenian, Bakhtiari, Assyrian, Talysh, etc. There are also a number of a few long established linguistic minorities such as Punjabi-speaking traders from Punjab (India) and Domari-speaking Romas as well as a small number of ethnic Georgians, who have resided in Northern Iran for centuries. A number of Arabic speakers of Iraqi and Lebanese origin also live in Tehran.

Tehran saw a drastic change in its ethno-social composition in early 1980s. Following the political, social and economic consequences of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979 and onwards, many Iranian citizens, mostly Tehranis left Iran due to mounting political, social and most importantly religious pressure. Many Iranians fled to countries such as Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Sweden and other European countries. The highest Iranian emigration has been to the United States and Canada.

With the start of the Iran–Iraq War (1980-1988) following an Iraqi invasion, a second wave of inhabitants fled the city, especially during Iraqi air offensive on the capital. With most major powers backing Iraq at that time, economic isolation caused even more reasons for the inhabitants to leave the city (and the country). Having left all they had and having struggled to adapt to a new country and build a life, most of them never came back when the war was over. During the war, Tehran also received a great number of migrants from the west and the southwest of the country bordering Iraq.

The unstable situation and the war in neighboring Afghanistan and Iraq prompted a rush of refugees into the country who came in millions, with Tehran being a magnet for modest workers who helped the city to recover from war wounds, charging far less than local construction workers. Many of these refugees are being repatriated with the assistance of UNHCR but there are still sizable groups of Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Tehran who are reluctant to leave, being pessimistic about the situation in their respective country of origin. Afghan refugees are mostly Persian-speaking Hazara or Tajiks, speaking a dialect of Persian, and Iraqi refugees, who are mainly Shiite Mesopotamian Arabic-speakers of Iranian origin.

The majority of Tehranis are the followers of Twelver Shia Islam which is also the state religion. Religious minorities include followers of various sects of Sunni Islam, Zoroastrianism, Bahá'í Faith, Judaism, and Christianity (including the adherents of the Assyrian Church of the East, Armenian Apostolic Church, Roman Catholic Church, Chaldean Catholic Church, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Iranian Protestant churches, Kelisa-ye Khanegi-ye Iraniyan, Armenian Evangelical Church, Jama'at-e Rabbani (Assemblies of God), Armenian Brotherhood Church, Russian Orthodox Church, and the Presbyterian Church). There are also smaller groups of Sikhs, Hindus, Buddhists, Mandeans, Spiritualists, Atheists, Azalis, Yazidis, Yarsan, Ismaili, Secular Muslims and followers of Mystic Islam.

Despite being the seat of a theological government and the fact that most important religious unions and academies of the country are based in Tehran, the city remains the most secular and liberal in the nation, a fact that attracts many youngsters from elsewhere to study in the capital.

The city's large gay population has created and sustained a politically and culturally active community over many decades, developing a powerful presence in Tehran's civic life. A popular destination for gay tourists, the city hosts Tehran Pride, an annual parade and festival.

Location and subdivisions

Tehran county borders Shemiranat county to the north, Damavand county to the east, Eslamshahr, Pakdasht, and Ray counties to the south, and Karaj and Shahriar counties to the west.

Neighborhoods and districts of Tehran

Municipal Districts of Tehran

The city of Tehran is divided into 22 municipal districts, each with its own administrative centers.

Within these 22 districts, Tehran contains the following major neighborhoods:

Abbas Abad, Afsariyeh, Amaniyeh, Amir Abad, Bagh Feiz, Baharestan, Darakeh, Darband, Dardasht, Dar Abad, Darrous, Dehkadeh Olampik, Ekhtiyariyeh, Elahiyeh, Evin, Farmanieh,Gheitariye, Gholhak, Gisha, Gomrok, Hasan Abad, Jamaran, Jannat Abad, Javadiyeh, Jomhuri, Jordan, Lavizan, Narmak, Navab, Nazi Abad, Niavaran, Park-e Shahr, Pasdaran, Punak, Ray, Sa'adat Abad, Sadeghiyeh, Seyed Khandan, Sohrevardi, Shahrara, Shahr-e ziba, Shahrak-e Gharb, Shemiran, Tajrish, Tehranpars, Tehransar, Vanak, Velenjak, Yaft Abad, Yusef Abad, Zafaraniyeh, etc.

For a map of the relative locations of the neighborhoods and the full list, see List of the localities around Tehran.

Older neighborhoods

Tehran's old city fabric changed dramatically during the Pahlavi era. Some of the older remaining districts of Tehran are: Oud-lajan, Sangelaj, Bazaar, Chaleh Meydan, Doulat. Chaleh Meydan is the oldest neighborhood of the aforementioned.

Food and Restaurants

Tehran has many modern and chic restaurants, serving both traditional Iranian and cosmopolitan cuisine. The most popular dish of the city is the kebab. However, Western-style fast food is becoming popular, especially with the younger generations. Pizza shops, sandwich shops and kebab shops make up the majority of other food outlets in the city.

Economy

See also: Economy of Iran

Tehran is the economic centre of Iran.[10] About 30% of Iran’s public-sector workforce and 45% of large industrial firms are located in Tehran and almost half of these workers work for the government.[citation needed] Most of the remainder of workers are factory workers, shopkeepers, laborers, and transport workers. Few foreign companies operate in Tehran because of the Islamic government and its poor relations with the west. But before the Islamic revolution many western companies were active in this region. Today many modern industries of this city include the manufacturing of automobiles, electronics and electrical equipment, weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemical products. It is also a leading center for the sale of carpets and furniture. There is an oil refinery near Ray, south of the city. Tehran has four airports, including Mehrabad International Airport, Imam Khomeini International Airport, Ghal'eh Morghi airfield and Doshan Tapeh airbase. The country's largest paint manufacturer Rangsazi Iran has its center of operations based in Tehran.

Tehran relies heavily on private cars, buses, motorcycles, and taxis, and is one of the most car-dependent cities in the world. The Tehran Stock Exchange, which is a full member of the Federation Internationale des Bourses de Valeurs (FIBV) and a founding member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges, has been one of the world's best performing stock exchanges in recent years.[11]

Transportation

See also: Transport in Iran, List of Tehran metro stations, and Tehran Monorail

The metropolis of Tehran enjoys a huge network of highways (280 km) and of interchanges, ramps, and loops (180 km). In 2007 there were 130 kilometers of highways and 120 kilometers of ramps and loops under construction.[12]

Airport

Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKA).

Tehran is served by Mehrabad Airport, an old airport which doubles as a military base, located in the Western part of the city, and Imam Khomeini International Airport, located 50 kilometers (31 mi) south, which handles international flights. Midland flight do in Mehrabad Airport and foreign flight do in Imam Khomeini International Airport.

Metro

Tehran Metro.

Tehran has one of the cleanest and most convenient metro systems, in terms of accessibility to different parts of the city, in the region. The feasibility study and conceptual planning of the construction were started in 1970s. In 2001, the first two of its seven envisaged lines of metro were opened to public usage. Tehran's Metro has 5 lines and is 30 km long. After the projected first line of Tel Aviv metro, Tehran has the longest Metro Line in the Middle East and it's 6th longest in Asia. Tehran Metro is fast and averages trains on all lines each 15 or 20 minutes. Development of the Tehran metro system had been interrupted by the Islamic Revolution and the Iran–Iraq War. Problems arising from the late completion of the metro led to buses taking on the role of the metro lines, serving mainly long distance routes. Taxis filled the void for local journeys. The taxis only drive on main avenues, and only within the local area, so it may be necessary to take several taxis to get to one's final destination. This has all led to extreme congestion and air pollution within the city. Since the completion of the first three phases of the Metro, some of these problems have been mitigated.

Train

Building of Central train station by architect Vladislav Gorodetsky

Tehran also has a central train station with connecting services round the clock to various cities in the country. .Tehran-Europe Train Line is active.

Bus

Tehran Bus Rapid Transit

Tehran have most Bus stop in Asia.Tehran Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) was officially inaugurated by Tehran's mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf in order to facilitate the motor traffic in Tehran in 14th, January 2008.BRT have 3line with 60 station in diferent city's area.Tehran's trolieybus was active in 1950's and it's first trolieybus in Asia,But now only 10th trolieybus are active and other keep in Tehran's Bus Mouslim.The first Terhan Bus was active in 1920's and they were 2 race.There are four bus terminals that also provide connections at low fares. These are the South, East, West, and Bei-haghi Park-Drive Terminals

Streets

While the center of the city houses the government ministries and headquarters, the commercial centers are more located toward Valiasr Street (formally known as Pahlavi street), Taleghani Ave, and Beheshti Ave further north. Although administratively separate, Rey, Shemiran, and Karaj are often considered part of the larger Tehran metropolitan area.

Pollution

See also: Environmental issues in Iran Alborz Mountains seen from Tehran on a day of relatively clean air.

Tehran suffers from severe air pollution and the city is often covered by smog making breathing difficult and causing widespread pulmonary illnesses. It is estimated that about 27 people die each day from pollution-related diseases.[13] According to local officials, 3,600 people died in a single month due to the hazardous air quality.[14]

The air pollution is due to several different reasons[citation needed]: 1) Economical: most Iranian industries are located on the outskirts of Tehran. The city is also overrun with old and aging cars which do not meet today's emission regulations. Furthermore, Iran's busiest airport, Mehrabad International Airport, is located in the west of the city; 2) Infrastructure: Tehran has a poor public transportation network. Buses and metros do not cover every area of the city. Most people are then obliged to either use private cars or hire taxis. This has created severe traffic congestion; 3) Geographical: Tehran is bound in the north by the massive Alborz mountain range that is stopping the flow of the humid Caspian wind. As a result, thermal inversion that traps Tehran's polluted air is frequently observed. The lack of humidity and clouds makes Tehran a very sunny city. The UV radiations then combined with the existing pollutants significantly raise the level of the ozone.

The government, however, is engaged in a battle to reduce the air pollution.[citation needed] It has for instance encouraged taxis and buses to convert from petrol engines to engines that run on compressed natural gas. Furthermore, since 1979 the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has set up a "Traffic Zone" (طرح ترافیک) covering the city center during peak traffic hours. Entering and driving inside this zone is only allowed with a special permit. The government is also trying to raise people's awareness about the hazards of the pollution. One method that is currently been employed is the installation of Pollution Indicator Boards all around the city to monitor the current level of particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). The board also displays the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI), which is a general indication of air quality based on the measurements of the above-mentioned five pollutants. The Pollution Indicator Boards classify the level of each pollutants as either safe, hazardous or dangerous. 80% of the city's pollution is due to cars.[15] In 2007 Iran imposed fuel rations and since the use of cars has thereafter declined, streets are less congested and the air quality has improved. The main reason for this rationing was to reduce fuel consumption, so that fuel is not imported eventually.

Education and research

See also: Education in Iran, List of colleges and universities in Tehran, and Science in Iran Tehran University. Iran University of Science and Technology.

Tehran is the biggest and most important educational center of Iran. Today there are nearly 50 major colleges and universities total in Greater Tehran.

Since the establishment of Darolfonoon in the mid 1800s, Tehran has amassed a large number of institutions of higher education. Some of these institutions have played crucial roles in the unfolding of Iranian political events. Samuel M. Jordan, whom Jordan Avenue in Tehran is named after, was also one of the founding pioneers of the American College of Tehran. Among major educational institutions located in Tehran, Sharif University of Technology, is the most prestigious technological university of Iran and University of Tehran is the largest and oldest state university in Iran and one of the oldest in Central Asia and Middle East.

Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University (Melli University), Iran University of Medical Science, Shahed University and Tarbiat Modarres University are other highly ranked universities of Iran located in Tehran.

Tehran is also home to Iran's largest military academy, and several religious schools and seminaries.

List

This is a list of Universities in Tehran Provience, sorted by date established:

Recreation

This section may require copy-editing.
The Achaemenid collection of The National Museum of Iran in Tehran.

The possibly most popular social activity, especially among the young, is the cinema. Most cinema theatres are located downtown. The Azadi Cinema, opened in 2008, is the largest cinema theatre in Tehran and the Middle East. It has ten salons and regularly shows ten films simultaneously. The Iram Zoo and Iram City Game are also popular meeting points, especially for families with children. A new larger zoo is planned to be opened in 2010.

Artists often mingle at the House Of Artists. Theatre Shahr was opened in 1962. It is the largest theatre in Tehran and the Middle East. Tehran TV 1, Tehran Cinema TV, Omid TV and Tehran Show TV are among the most popular TV stations in Tehran. Tehran TV2, Tehran TV3 and Tehran Sport are planned to be launched in 2010.

Sport

See also: Sport in Iran

Tehran was the first city in the Middle East to host the Asian Games. The 7th Asian Summer Games in 1974, was held with the participation of 2,363 athletes and officials from 25 countries.

Tochal Telecabin

Tehran is also the site of Iran's national football stadium on Azadi Sport Complex with 100,000 seating capacity.Azadi Football Stadium is biggest stadium in Iran and Middle East,3th in the Asia and 4th in the World Many of the top matches of Iran's Premier League are held here. In 2005, FIFA ordered Iran to limit spectators allowed into Azadi stadium because of a fatal crush and inadequate safety procedures. Other stadiums in Tehran are Shahid Dastgerdi Stadium, Takhti Stadium, and Shahid Shirudi Stadium, among others.

International Snowboard championship in Dizin. The ski resort of Dizin is situated to the north of Tehran in the Alborz Mountains range.

Within 10 minutes driving distance from Tehran lies a ski resort. Tochal is the world's fifth highest ski resort, at over 3,730 metres (12,240 ft) at its highest 7th station. The resort was completed in 1976 shortly before the overthrowing of the Shah.

Here, one must first ride the eight kilometre (five mile) long gondola lift which covers a huge vertical. The 7th station has three slopes. The resort's longest slope is the south side U shaped slope which goes from the 7th station to 5th station. The other two slopes are located on the north side of the 7th station. Here, there are two parallel chair ski lifts that go up to 3,900 metres (12,795 ft) near Tochal's peak (at 4,000 m/13,125 ft), rising higher than the gondola 7th station. This altitude is higher than any of the European resorts.

From the Tochal peak, one has a spectacular view of the Alborz range, including the 5,671 metre (18,606 ft) high Mount Damavand, a dormant volcano.

At the bottom of the lifts in a valley behind the Tochal peak is Tochal hotel, located at 3,500 metres (11,483 ft) altitude. From there a T lift takes skiers up the 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) of Shahneshin peak, where the third slope of Tochal is.

Azadi Stadium is the fourth biggest stadium in the world.

Tochal 7th station has skiing eight months of the year. But there are also some glaciers and year-round snow fields near Tehran where skiing began in 1938, thanks to the efforts of two German railway engineers. Today, 12 ski resorts operate in Iran, but the most famous are Tochal, Dizin, and Shemshak, all within one to three hours of Tehran.

Football (Soccer)

In Football (soccer), Tehran is host to two football clubs in Iran's Premier Football League, namely:

Club Sport Founded League Head Coach
Esteghlal F.C.[16] Football (soccer) 1945 Iran Pro League (IPL) Samad Marfavi
Persepolis F.C.[17] Football (soccer) 1963 Iran Pro League (IPL) Nelo Vingada

These clubs have on numerous occasions won Asian titles, and some of their players are known internationally.[18] The prominent matches are usually held at Azadi Stadium.

Architecture and landmarks

Khalvat Karimkhani
See also Architecture of Tehran

Tehran is a relatively old city; as such, it has an architectural tradition unique to itself. Archaeological investigations and excavations in Tehran demonstrate that this area was home to civilizations as far back as 6,000 years BC. Tehran served only as a village to a relatively small population for most of its history, but began to take a more considerable role in Iran after it was made the capital in the late 18th century. Despite the occurrence of earthquakes during the Qajar period and before, some buildings still remain from Tehran's era of antiquity.[19] Today Tehran is Iran's primate city, and has the most modernized infastructure in the country; however, the gentrification of old neighborhoods and the demolition of buildings of cultural significance has caused concerns.[20]

The Azadi Tower has been the longstanding symbol of Tehran. It was constructured to commemorate the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian empire, and was originally named "Shahyad Tower"; after the Iranian revolution, its name changed to "Azadi Tower," meaning "Freedom Tower." The recently constructed Milad Tower may eventually replace the Azadi Tower as Tehran's new symbol. The Milad complex contains the world's fourth tallest tower, several restaurants, a five star hotel, a convention center, a world trade center, and an IT park.[21] Traditionally a low-lying city due to seismic activity in the region, modern high rise developments in Tehran have been undertaken in order to service its growing population.

The tallest residential building in Iran is a 54-story building located North of Youssef Abad district, the Tehran International Tower. It is architecturally designed similar to Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip in the Paradise community of Clark County, Nevada, United States.[22] Appealing to the principle of vertical rather than horizontal expansion of the city, the Tehran International Tower is bound to the North by Youssef Abad, to the South By Hakim Highway, to the East by Kordesstan Highway and to the West by Sheikh Bahai Highway, all of which facilitate access to various parts of the city.[22]

The White Tower, Borje Sefid, in Pasdaran Avenue

Modern highrises of Elahiyeh district

Tehran International Tower, A.S.P complex

CBI Bank Building

Tehran Skyline

Milad Tower

Azadi Tower Freedom Tower)

Tourism and attractions

See also: Tourism in Iran Tehran have beautiful park in the brim of highways.

Tehran, as Iran's showcase and capital city, has a wealth of cultural attractions. The Peacock Throne of the Persian Kings (Shahs) can be found in Tehran's Golestan Palace. Some of the well-known museums are National Museum of Iran, Sa'dabad Palaces Complex, Glassware and Ceramics Museum of Iran, The Carpet Museum of Iran, Tehran's Underglass painting Museum, and Niavaran Palace Complex. The Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art features the works of great artists such as Van Gogh, Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol. The collection of these paintings was selected by the former Empress Farrah Diba.[citation needed]

Tehran is also home to the Iranian Imperial Crown Jewels, also called the Imperial Crown Jewels of Persia, its is claimed to be the largest, most dazzling and valuable jewel collection in the world. The collection comprises a set of crowns and thrones, some 30 tiaras, numerous aigrettes, jewel-studded swords and shields, a vast amount of precious loose gems, including the largest collections of emeralds, rubies and diamonds in the world. It also includes other items collected by the Shahs of Iran during the 2,500 year existence of the Iranian Kingdom. The Imperial Crown Jewels are still on display in the Iranian Central Bank in Tehran.

Tehran International Book Fair (TIBF) Is known to the International Publishing World as the most important publishing event in Asia and the Middle East.[23]

The following table shows some places for outdoors activities in Tehran:

Tochal Ski resort Darband hiking trail Chitgar Park Niavaran Park Sa'ei Park Daneshju Park Goft-o-gū Park
Mellat Park Laleh Park Jamshidieh Park Shatranj Park Darabad hiking trail Darakeh hiking trail Jahan-e Kudak Park
Azadi sports complex Enghelab Sports Complex and Golf course Latyan Lake Lavizan Forest Park Vardavard Forest Park Khajeer National Park Kavir National Park
Tar Lake Amir Kabir Lake Lar Protected Natural Habitat Varjeen Protected Natural Habitat Pardisan Tangeh Savashi Farahzad

Religious Centers

Hosseiniye Ershad.

Churches

Saint Sarkis Armenian Cathedral in Tehran cnr Nejatollahi and Karim Khan-e Zand Sts, Valiasr Sq Area

The Mayor of Tehran

Main article: Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf

Sister cities

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be and removed. (July 2009)
Country City
People's Republic Of China Beijing
Germany Berlin
Lebanon Beirut
Egypt Cairo
Venezuela Caracas
Syria Damascus
Dubai UAE
Cuba Havana
Turkey Istanbul
Afghanistan Kabul
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
United Kingdom London
United States Los Angeles
Belarus Minsk
Russia Moscow
India New delhi
United States New York City
France Paris
South Africa Pretoria
South Korea Seoul
People's Republic Of China Shanghai
Australia Sydney
Canada Toronto
Canada Vancouver

Events

Pictures

Hasan Abad district near the old Bazaar of Tehran

Pasdaran Avenue

Tehran has the most extensive highway network in western Asia.

Valiasr Street is the longest street in Middle East.

Tehran, and the view of Alborz mountains.

Skyline of Tehran

A busy street in Tehran

Milad Tower

Azadi Tower at night

Azadi Monument

Niavaran Palace

Teatre Shahr

Mellat Park

Milad Tower at night

Buldings in Tehran

The Niavaran Public Library is within the Niavaran city park.

Panoramic view

Panoramic view from Tehran Panoramic view from Tehran at night

See also

References

  1. ^ Statistical Center of Iran - 2006 Census
  2. ^ Tehran Municipality, Atlas of Tehran Metropolis
  3. ^ There is no set English pronunciation for Tehran. The most common are /teɪˈræn/ and /teɪˈrɑːn/. Others are /tɛˈræn/ and /tɛˈrɑːn/, also /ˌteɪ.əˈræn/ and /ˌteɪ.əˈrɑːn/. (Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed.) An example is En-Tehran Pronunciation.ogg (help·info)
  4. ^ Tehran Oil Refining Company Official Website. Tehran Oil Refining Company Official Website
  5. ^ Behrooz, Samira; Karampour, Katayoun. A Research on Adaptation of Historic Urban Landscapes ; The Case of The Historical City of Tehran. Tehran Historical City Office.
  6. ^ Climate of Tehran
  7. ^ Heavy Snowfall in Tehran (in Persian)
  8. ^ http://www.sci.org.ir/content/userfiles/_census85/census85/natayej/
  9. ^ Tahran'da Türkçe konuşarak işlerinizi yapabilirsiniz
  10. ^ britannica.com, accessed: June 2009.
  11. ^ BBC: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3129995.stm
  12. ^ Tehran. An Educational Website about Tehran
  13. ^ هر روز 27 تهرانی به دليل آلودگی هوا می ميرند. September 18, 2006
  14. ^ Iran smog 'kills 3,600 in month'. BBC News Online. January 9, 2007
  15. ^ http://www.payvand.com/news/09/jan/1007.html
  16. ^ Esteghlal F.C. Official Website. Esteghlal F.C.
  17. ^ Persepolis F.C. Official Website. Persepolis F.C.
  18. ^ AFC Official Website. The official site of Asia's premier club competition
  19. ^ Tehran Capital City of Iran. Tehran
  20. ^ The Style of Tehran. Library of Congress. Accessed 04-13-2008.
  21. ^ Milad Tower Official Website. Milad Tower
  22. ^ a b Tehran International Tower Website. Tehran International Tower Website
  23. ^ tibf, accessed June 2009.
  24. ^ Sarkis Cathedral, Tehran - Lonely Planet Travel Guide
  25. ^ 7th Asian Games. Asian Games
  26. ^ AFC Asian Cup. AFC Asian Cup
  27. ^ West Asian Games. West Asian Games

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tehran

Coordinates: 35°41′46″N 51°25′23″E / 35.6962°N 51.423°E

Official

Underground

Main neighbourhoods of Tehran
North Aghdasieh · Darakeh · Darband · Darrous · Davoodiyeh · Doulat · Ekhtiarieh · Elahieh · Farmanieh · Gheytarieh · Gholhak · Jamaran · Jordan · Kamranieh · Mahmoodieh · Mehran · Niavaran · Pasdaran · Shemiran · Tajrish · Vanak · Valiasr · Velenjak · Zafaraniyeh
West Ekbatan · Farahzad · Gisha · Jannat Abad · Punak · Sa'adat Abad · Sadeghiyeh · Shahrak-e Gharb · Shahran · Shahrara · Shahr-e ziba · Tarasht · Tehransar
Central Abbas Abad · Amir Abad · Baharestan · Bazar · Hasan Abad · Park-e Shahr · Seyed Khandan · Toopkhaneh · Yusef Abad
East Afsariyeh · Lavizan · Narmak · Tehranpars
South Bagh Feiz · Gomrok · Javadiyeh · Khavaran · Navvab · Nazi Abad · Shahr-e Ray · Yaft Abad
Cultural Attractions of Tehran
Palaces

Golestan Palace · Takht-e Marmar · Niavaran Palace Complex · Sadabad Palace · Saltanat Abad Palace · Firouzeh Palace · Soleymaniyeh Palace · Baharestan Palace · Morvarid Palace · The new Majlis
Museums

Imperial Crown Jewels · Sa'd Abad Gallery of FineArts · Glassware Museum of Tehran · Iran's National Rug Gallery · Reza Abbasi Museum · Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art · Tehran Theater of the Performing Arts · Talar Vahdat Theater · National Museum of Iran · Dar-abad Nature & Wildlife Museum · National Library of Iran · Malek National Library · National Car Museum of Iran
Castles and Forts

Arzhang fort in Taleqan · Iraj Fort in Varamin · Gol e Khandan Fort in Rudehen from Sassanid era · Rashkan Fort in Ray from Parthian era · Tabbarok Fort from Abbasid era · Sorkheh-Hesar Fort from Seljuqi era · Kei-Qobad Fort in Taleqan from Ismaili era · Gabri Fort from Parthian era in Ray · Ghal'eh Dokhtar Tang Goseel near Karaj from Seljuqi era · Harun Prison from Sassanid era · Bagh e Melli foreign ministry compounds
Famous Houses

Etehadiyeh House (Qajar era) · Amir Bahador House (Qajar era) · Emam Jom'eh House (1863CE) · Amin ol-Soltan House (Qajar era) · Shaqāqi (Kushak) House (Qajar era) · Emārat e Bāgh e Ferdows (Qajar era) · Emārat Farmaniyeh (Qajarid era) · Shahid Modarres House · Vothuq House (1837CE) · Moshir o-Dowleh Pir Nia House · House of Nima Yooshij · House of Mohammed Mossadegh · House of Ayatollah Taleghani · House of Ghavam o-Dowleh · House of Imam Khomeini · House of Mahmoud Hessaby
Archeological sites

Cheshme Ali Teppe (5th millennium BCE) excavated by Jacques de Morgan · Shoghali Teppe (6th millennium BCE) · Qeytariyeh Cemetery (2nd millennium BCE) · Teppe Meel (excavated by Jacques de Morgan)believed to be the temple of the legendary ancient leader Bahram Gur · Vavan Teppe of Sassanid era · Ghareh Teppe (6th millennium CE) excavated by the British Burton Brown · Ozbaki Teppein Hashtgerd
Others

Iran National Library · The Milad Tower · Darolfonoon · Morvarid Canon of the Afsharid dynasty era · Tughrul Tower of Seljuqi era · Grand Bazaar (1523CE) · Pol e Rumi from the Safavid era (today a property of the Embassy of Turkey) · Alborz High School · Firouz Bahram High School · Stodan Of Zoroastrian located in Aminabad area
Counties of Tehran Province

Damavand · Eslamshahr · Firuzkuh · Karaj · Nazarabad · Pakdasht · Rey · Robat-Karim · Savojbolagh · Shahriar · Shemiranat · Tehran · Varamin
Capitals of Asia
Central Asia South Asia Southeast Asia Southwest Asia

Astana, Kazakhstan † Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Dushanbe, Tajikistan Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Tashkent, Uzbekistan

East Asia

Beijing, People's Republic of China (PRC) Tokyo, Japan Pyongyang, North Korea Seoul, South Korea Ulan Bator, Mongolia 1 Taipei, Taiwan 2

North Asia

Moscow, Russia †

Dhaka, Bangladesh Thimphu, Bhutan New Delhi, India Malé, Maldives Kathmandu, Nepal Islamabad, Pakistan Kotte3, Sri Lanka

Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Naypyidaw, Burma Phnom Penh, Cambodia Dili, East Timor Jakarta, Indonesia Vientiane, Laos Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4 Putrajaya, Malaysia 5 Manila, Philippines Singapore, Singapore Bangkok, Thailand Hanoi, Vietnam

Kabul, Afghanistan 6 Yerevan, Armenia ‡ Baku, Azerbaijan † Manama, Bahrain Tbilisi, Georgia † Ankara, Turkey † Tehran, Iran Baghdad, Iraq Jerusalem, Israel 7‡ Amman, Jordan Kuwait City, Kuwait Beirut, Lebanon Muscat, Oman Doha, Qatar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Damascus, Syria Abu Dhabi, UAE Sana'a, Yemen
1 Often considered part of Central Asia. 2 Otherwise known as Republic of China. 3 Full name is Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte. 4 Formal. 5 Administrative. 6 Often considered part of Central or South Asia. 7 See Positions on Jerusalem for details on Jerusalem's status. † Transcontinental country. ‡ Entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.
World's fifty most-populous urban areas
  1. Tokyo – Yokohama
  2. Jakarta
  3. New York
  4. Mumbai
  5. Manila
  6. Delhi
  7. Seoul – Incheon
  8. Mexico City
  9. São Paulo
  10. Osaka – Kobe – Kyoto
  1. Cairo
  2. Kolkata
  3. Los Angeles
  4. Shanghai
  5. Shenzhen
  6. Moscow
  7. Buenos Aires
  8. Beijing
  9. Guangzhou
  10. Rio de Janeiro
  1. Istanbul
  2. Paris
  3. Dongguan
  4. Dhaka
  5. Karachi
  6. Chicago
  7. Nagoya
  8. Lagos
  9. London
  10. Kinshasa
  1. Tianjin
  2. Bangkok
  3. Tehran
  4. Lima
  5. Bogotá
  6. Johannesburg – East Rand
  7. Chennai
  8. Ruhr Area (Essen–Düsseldorf)
  9. Bengaluru
  10. Lahore
  1. Ho Chi Minh City
  2. Hong Kong
  3. Hyderabad
  4. Taipei
  5. Toronto – Hamilton
  6. San Francisco – San Jose
  7. Santiago
  8. Kuala Lumpur
  9. Baghdad
  10. Miami

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements from June 2,009 | Capitals in Asia | Cities, towns and villages in Tehran Province | Cities along the Silk Road | Tehran | Iranian provincial capitals | Economy of Iran

 

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'Tehran' News
Clinton says direct talks with Tehran 'best vehicle' - Financial Times
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... weakness to be exploited," arguing that direct talks with Tehran were the "best vehicle" for pushing Iran to make a choice over its nuclear programme. ...

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[. TEHRAN. BUREAU] In a very important development, Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri, the most senior cleric living in Iran, and one of the top two* marja' taghlid (source of emulation) in Shiite Islam, issued a series of Fatwas, ...

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'Tehran' Answers
How safe is it to travel to Tehran, Iran this summer?
Q. I am a caucasian female, 21, I'm planning on buying a ticket to Iran to stay with my best friend in Tehran for the summer. I know a tiny bit of the possibility of an impeding war and use of nuclear weapons. I will be there for 2 months. Also whats the climate like, I am disgusted by heat, I love the snow we have in Canada!
Asked by douces - Tue Apr 21 01:04:27 2009 - - 6 Answers - 1 Comments

A. its fine...my family is from there to but i was born in texas...only reason i cant go is cuz theyd send me to the army...im 21..so yeah im pretty much finished going there... but no its not bad...weathers fine, so are the people..last time i went there was when i was 13...but i broke my knee in a motorcycle accident cuz this car was going the wrong way, parents freaked out and never went back since...
Answered by m.a.d.e - Tue Apr 21 01:09:13 2009

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